Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi
Increased life expectancy and low mortality rates are the major reason for the increasing number of the older population. Developed countries are not only facing this problem, but the number of developing countries are also increasing. Pakistan is also among those countries having a greater portion of the older population. Objective: The present study was focused on exploring the relationship between the educational achievement of older persons and their disease profile. Methods: A structured tool was developed to interview 384 older persons. Data were coded and analyzed in SPSS. Male and female participation was with ratio 70:30 while 53.9% sample was age 60-65 years. Results: Most of the respondents were illiterate, followed by primary, secondary, and matriculation degree holder elders. Hypertension, Heart problem, Diabetes, Arthritis, and Asthma issue are observed among older persons. Diabetes is the only disease reported by OPs with a qualification from illiterate to a Master degree with varied percentiles. Regression model [ y=5.0749+.0646x] with R Square = .0013. Conclusion: We conclude that a relationship exists among study variables but non-significantly while the value of R^2tells us how assertive you can be that each distinct variable has some correlation with the dependent variable, which is the important indicator.
-
Older Persons, Aging, Disease Profile, Education and Disease, Elder People
-
(1) Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry
Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Aftab Ahmed
PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Khurum Irshad
PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Agrawal, G., & Keshri, K. (2014). Morbidity Patterns and Health Care Seeking Behavior among Older Widows in India. PLoSONE9(4), e94295. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.009 4295
- Ahmed, A., Chaudhry, A. G., & Farooq, H. (2014, Dec). Older Persons and Ageing Phenomena: Exploratory Study Based on Perceptions of Elders about Old Age. American Research Thoughts, 1(2), 1029-1035.
- Anderson, J. E. (1956). Summary and interpretation. In: J. E. Anderson (ed.), Psychological aspects of aging. Washington, D. C., American Psychological Association, p267-289.
- Ansah, J. P., Malhotra, R., Lew, N., Chiu, C. T., Chan, A., Bayer, S., & Matchar, D. B. (2015). Projection of young-old and old- old with functional disability: Does accounting for the changing educational composition of the elderly population make a difference? PLoS ONE, 10(5), 1- 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126471
- Birren, J. E. (1959). Principles of research on aging. In: J. E. Birren (ed.). Handbook of aging and the individual. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, p. 3-42.
- Brigola, A. G., Alexandre, T. D. S., Inouye, K., Yassuda, M. S., Pavarini, S. C. I., & Mioshi, E. (2019). Limited formal education is strongly associated with lower cognitive status, functional disability and frailty status in older adults. Dement Neuropsychol, 13(2), 216-224. doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13- 020011
- Christina, R., & Victor. (2005). The Social Context of Ageing. Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, Published by Routledge
- Clarke, P., Ailshire, J. A., & Lantz, P. (2009). Urban built environments and trajectories of mobility disability: Findings from a national sample of community-dwelling American adults (1986-2001). SocSci Med 69(6), 964-70.
- Demeny, P., & McNicoll, G. (Eds. 2003). The Encyclopedia of Population, New York, Macmillan Reference USA
- Gubhaju, B. (2008). Fertility Transition and Population Ageing in the Asian and Pacific Region. Asia-Pacific Population Journal. 23(2), 55-80.
- Gulati, L., & Rajan, S. I. (1999) The added years: elderly in India and Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly 34(44), WS46-WS51.
- Hayflick, L. (1996). How and why We Age. Ballantine, New York.
- Ice, G. H. (2006). Biological anthropology of aging: Past, present and future. Collegium Antropologicum, 27, 1-6
- Leeder, S. et al. (2004). Race against time: the challenge of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. New York, Centre for Global Health and Economic Development.
- Loichinger, E., & Pothisiri, W. (2018). Health prospects of older persons in Thailand: The role of education. Asian Population Studies, 14(3), 310-329. doi:10.1080/17441730.2018.1532140
- Luppa, M., Luck, T., Brähler, E., König, H. H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2008). Prediction of institutionalisation in dementia. A systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord; doi: 10.1159/000144027.
- Orimo, H., Ito, H., Suzuki, T., Araki, A., Hosoi, T., & Sawabe M. (2006).
- Reviewing the definition of
- Penninx, B. W., Leveille, S., Ferrucci, L., Eijk, J. T., & Guralnik, J. M. (1999). Exploring the effect of depression on physical disability: longitudinal evidence from the established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly. Am J Public Health; 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1346.
- Population Demographic Profile (PDP) (2018). Available from: Access date: 20-05-2018 https://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/ demographics_profile.html
- Son, M., Armstrong, B., Choi, J. M., & Yoon, T. Y. (2002). Relation of occupational class and education with mortality in Korea. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 56(10), 798-799. doi: 10.1136/jech.56.10.798
- Thane, P. (178). The muddled history of retiring at 60 and 65. New Society. 45(826), 234-236.
- The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). (1995). Office of Gerontology Minor 8631 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563.
- Thristiawati, S., Booth, H., Hull, T., & Utomo, I. D. (2015). Self-rated health of older persons in Indonesia: Sex and ethnic differences. Asian Population Studies, 11(1), 44-66. doi: 10.1080/17441730.2015.1010468
- United Nations. (2007). World population ageing: 1950-2050. In Department of Economic and Social Affairs. New York: Population Division.
- Von Strauss, E., Aguero Torres, H., Kareholt, I., Winbald, B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2003). Women are more disabled in basic activities of daily living than men only in very advanced ages: a study on disability, morbidity, and mortality from the Kungsholmen project. J Clin Epidemiol; 10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00089-1.
- Zafar, S. N., Ganatra, H. A., Tehseen, S., & Qidwai, W. (2006). Health and needs assessment of geriatric patients: results of a survey at a teaching hospital in Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc, 56, 470-4.
- Zimmer, Z., Liu, X., Hermalin, A., & Chuang, Y. L. (1998). Educational attainment and transitions in functional status among older Taiwanese. Demography, 35(3), 361- 375. doi: 10.2307/3004043
Cite this article
-
APA : Chaudhry, A. G., Ahmed, A., & Irshad, M. K. (2021). Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi. Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV(I), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2021(IV-I).02
-
CHICAGO : Chaudhry, Abid Ghafoor, Aftab Ahmed, and Muhammad Khurum Irshad. 2021. "Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV (I): 10-17 doi: 10.31703/gasr.2021(IV-I).02
-
HARVARD : CHAUDHRY, A. G., AHMED, A. & IRSHAD, M. K. 2021. Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi. Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV, 10-17.
-
MHRA : Chaudhry, Abid Ghafoor, Aftab Ahmed, and Muhammad Khurum Irshad. 2021. "Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV: 10-17
-
MLA : Chaudhry, Abid Ghafoor, Aftab Ahmed, and Muhammad Khurum Irshad. "Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV.I (2021): 10-17 Print.
-
OXFORD : Chaudhry, Abid Ghafoor, Ahmed, Aftab, and Irshad, Muhammad Khurum (2021), "Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi", Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV (I), 10-17
-
TURABIAN : Chaudhry, Abid Ghafoor, Aftab Ahmed, and Muhammad Khurum Irshad. "Limited Formal Education and its Impact of Disease Profile of Older Persons of Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review IV, no. I (2021): 10-17. https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2021(IV-I).02