SOCIAL EXPLOITATION OF LOWER CLASS AND STRATIFICATION SYSTEM IN RAWALPINDI

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2021(IV-II).02      10.31703/gasr.2021(IV-II).02      Published : Dec 2
Authored by : MominaIrshad , ShaguftaHamidAli

02 Pages : 10-19

References

  • Bales, R. F., & Parsons, T. (2014). Family: Socialization and interaction process. Routledge.
  • Becker, J. C., Kraus, M. W., & Rheinschmidt- Same, M. (2017). Cultural Expressions of Social Class and Their Implications for Group-Related Beliefs and Behaviors. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12209.
  • Brady, D. (2003). The politics of poverty: Left political institutions, the welfare state, and poverty. Social Forces, 82(2), 557- 588.
  • Brown, P. (2013). Education, opportunity and the prospects for social mobility. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(5-6), 678-700.
  • Bukodi, E., & Goldthorpe, J. H. (2018). Social inequality and social mobility: is there an inverse relation?.SocArXiv, DOI:10.31235/osf.io/jkqne.
  • Collins, P. H. (2016). Toward a new vision: Race, class, and gender as categories of analysis and connection (pp. 65-75). Routledge.
  • Government of Pakistan, (2018). The constitution if the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan: National Assembly of Pakistan.
  • Harvey, L. (2012). Social research glossary. Quality research international, 2019. http://www.qualityresearchinternational. com/socialresearch/
  • Lay, K., & Daley, J. G. (2007). A critique of feminist theory. Advances in social work, 8(1), 49-61.
  • Molina, E., Narayan, A., & Saavedra- Chanduvi, J. (2013). Outcomes, opportunity and development: why unequal opportunities and not outcomes hinder economic development. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6735).
  • Roser, M., &Cuaresma, J. C. (2016). Why is income inequality increasing in the developed world?. Review of Income and Wealth, 62(1), 1-27.
  • Rueden, C. V. (2014). The roots and fruits of social status in small-scale human societies. In The psychology of social status (pp. 179-200). Springer, New York, NY.
  • Savage, M., Devine, F., Cunningham, N., Taylor, M., Li, Y., Hjellbrekke, J., ...& Miles, A. (2013). A new model of social class? Findings from the BBC's Great British Class Survey experiment. Sociology, 47(2), 219-250.
  • Sumerau, J. E., &Grollman, E. A. (2018). Obscuring oppression: Racism, cissexism, and the persistence of social inequality. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 4(3), 322-337.
  • Thompson, N. (2006). Power and Empowerment (Theory into Practice). Lyme Regis: Russel House.
  • Virley, M. (2013). Social Dominance Theory: The Explanation behind Social Hierarchy and Oppression?. The Sociological Imagination: Undergraduate Journal, 2(1).

References

  • Bales, R. F., & Parsons, T. (2014). Family: Socialization and interaction process. Routledge.
  • Becker, J. C., Kraus, M. W., & Rheinschmidt- Same, M. (2017). Cultural Expressions of Social Class and Their Implications for Group-Related Beliefs and Behaviors. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12209.
  • Brady, D. (2003). The politics of poverty: Left political institutions, the welfare state, and poverty. Social Forces, 82(2), 557- 588.
  • Brown, P. (2013). Education, opportunity and the prospects for social mobility. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(5-6), 678-700.
  • Bukodi, E., & Goldthorpe, J. H. (2018). Social inequality and social mobility: is there an inverse relation?.SocArXiv, DOI:10.31235/osf.io/jkqne.
  • Collins, P. H. (2016). Toward a new vision: Race, class, and gender as categories of analysis and connection (pp. 65-75). Routledge.
  • Government of Pakistan, (2018). The constitution if the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan: National Assembly of Pakistan.
  • Harvey, L. (2012). Social research glossary. Quality research international, 2019. http://www.qualityresearchinternational. com/socialresearch/
  • Lay, K., & Daley, J. G. (2007). A critique of feminist theory. Advances in social work, 8(1), 49-61.
  • Molina, E., Narayan, A., & Saavedra- Chanduvi, J. (2013). Outcomes, opportunity and development: why unequal opportunities and not outcomes hinder economic development. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6735).
  • Roser, M., &Cuaresma, J. C. (2016). Why is income inequality increasing in the developed world?. Review of Income and Wealth, 62(1), 1-27.
  • Rueden, C. V. (2014). The roots and fruits of social status in small-scale human societies. In The psychology of social status (pp. 179-200). Springer, New York, NY.
  • Savage, M., Devine, F., Cunningham, N., Taylor, M., Li, Y., Hjellbrekke, J., ...& Miles, A. (2013). A new model of social class? Findings from the BBC's Great British Class Survey experiment. Sociology, 47(2), 219-250.
  • Sumerau, J. E., &Grollman, E. A. (2018). Obscuring oppression: Racism, cissexism, and the persistence of social inequality. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 4(3), 322-337.
  • Thompson, N. (2006). Power and Empowerment (Theory into Practice). Lyme Regis: Russel House.
  • Virley, M. (2013). Social Dominance Theory: The Explanation behind Social Hierarchy and Oppression?. The Sociological Imagination: Undergraduate Journal, 2(1).

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Irshad, Momina, and Shagufta Hamid Ali. 2021. "Social Exploitation of Lower Class and Stratification System in Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV (II): 10-19 doi: 10.31703/gasr.2021(IV-II).02

HARVARD

    HARVARD : IRSHAD, M. & ALI, S. H. 2021. Social Exploitation of Lower Class and Stratification System in Rawalpindi. Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV, 10-19.

MHRA

    MHRA : Irshad, Momina, and Shagufta Hamid Ali. 2021. "Social Exploitation of Lower Class and Stratification System in Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV: 10-19

MLA

    MLA : Irshad, Momina, and Shagufta Hamid Ali. "Social Exploitation of Lower Class and Stratification System in Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV.II (2021): 10-19 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Irshad, Momina and Ali, Shagufta Hamid (2021), "Social Exploitation of Lower Class and Stratification System in Rawalpindi", Global Anthropological Studies Review, IV (II), 10-19

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Irshad, Momina, and Shagufta Hamid Ali. "Social Exploitation of Lower Class and Stratification System in Rawalpindi." Global Anthropological Studies Review IV, no. II (2021): 10-19. https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2021(IV-II).02